Well gee Bill, you sort of skipped over how to make a horizontal bell joint without even mentioning making up a bell coupler on 2 male joints of pipe for fun & punishment. You completely skipped over the era when everybody jumped from lead joints to those lovely rubber collars you forced into the damn bell by getting help from a fat guy to put it to the handle so the tool didn't launch you like a Harley with the timing set wrong when you kicked the starter, and went right to PVC bypassing ABS completely. Of course many sane people swear ABS should have been bypassed anyhow.
You also forgot how to lead in a toilet shoe, especially one below grade where the damn hole the pipe is sticking out of is full of water.
Okum is jute or hemp fiber with just enough tar added so you either spend an hour with Boraxo getting the crap off your hands, or smell of tar for 47 hours. It isn't wound, it's a linear lay so you can pull the bundle apart and get the number of strands you need.
The Okum is wound around the male pipe in the bell to a point the bell is about 2/3 full, and then tamped with the running iron BY HAND. Hitting a running iron with a hammer will generally result in 1, perhaps 2 verbal warnings from the Plumber followed by a hammer flying through the air to impact the skull of the fool. Nobody cared if a fool died from the flying hammer, because there was no place on the job for somebody too stupid to pack a joint! (insert world of real men lines here) On pipes over 6" the joint is usually tamped continuously from the point of 2 wraps until it is full to minimize voids in the packing. If the okum ain't right, the pour can and usually will leak into the pipe itself.
Generally, at least 4 or more joints will be assembled before the lead is heated. Lead is brought to the temperature of charring a pine stick poked in the pot, given a quick skim, and a ladle is grabbed. Pour lead to the top of the bell, and move to the next joint. You pour 6, less if it's really cold in the work area, and get a packing iron to complete the joint.
As the lead is poured the bell expands. When the bell contracts the lead is still soft, and the joint will probably leak if it isn't packed while the lead is in the most plastic condition. Packing irons have a shorter snout, generally an offset handle, concave face and are built to be hammered. You make a couple quick trips around the joint with the hammer & packing iron seating the lead, and go back to pouring the next joints.
Joints on horizontal and diagonal runs are poured using the rope. Ropes were generally asbestos with brass end furrels and a spring loaded clothespin style clamp. The rope is pushed up to the mouth of the bell, clamped to keep the lead inside the bell till it chills, removed and the joint is finished off with a ramming iron and hammer. Most people only pull the rope too soon once.
Ropes are also real handy for pouring inverted bell joints, add some putty to get a complete dam and pouring pocket so you can pour into the rope and flow it into the bell.
All in all it's a fun way to spend a day, beats hell out of ditch digging, unless some fool spits in the lead pot. In case anybody wonders, that damn pot heater does NOT throw off enough heat to keep you warm on a cold day.